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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterized with intense invasion, early recurrence, rapid progression, short survival time and easy invasion and metastasis. Due to its high heterogeneity and lack of specific targeted therapy, its pathogenesis has become an important target of current research. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is a class of non-coding RNA with more than 200 nucleotide sequences in length. More and more studies have found lncRNA plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of TNBC. This article reviews the biological characteristics of lncRNA, the current research status of the expression, function and regulation of lncRNA in TNBC to provide theoretical basis for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of TNBC.
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Objective:To investigate the correlation between mental health and symptom distress in breast cancer patients.Methods:The clinical data of 110 female breast cancer patients at Shanxi Bethune Hospital from June 2017 to March 2018 were collected. The patients were assessed for symptomatic distress with depression self-rating scale (SDS). Functional assessment of cancer therapy-breast (FACT-B) and the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy-spiritual well-being (FACIT-SP) were used to make the mental assessment. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to analyze the effect of symptom distress on the mental health of the patients.Results:The scores of symptom distress, mental health, FACT-B and FACIT-SP were (19.94±5.78), (50.68±10.64), (16.85±4.75), (33.83±8.33), respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that mental health score of the patients with symptom distress > 18 scores was reduced by 5.15 points ( P=0.01) compared with the patients with symptom distress≤18 scores. Compared with the patients with annual household income < 50 000 yuan, the mental health score of patients with annual household income of 50 000-79 000 yuan was increased by 9.46 points ( P < 0.01), and the mental health score of patients with annual family income ≥ 80 000 yuan was increased by 5.92 points ( P < 0.01); compared with the patients in phase I, the mental health score of the patients in phaseⅡwas decreased by 2.62 points ( P=0.02), and the mental health score of the patients in phase Ⅲ was decreased by 4.98 points ( P < 0.01). Conclusions:Symptom distress is an independent risk factor for affecting mental health of breast cancer patients. Solving symptom distress of patients can improve mental health status of the patients.
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Objective:To explore the clinical application value of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in patients with early breast cancer after local excision surgery.Methods:A total of 93 breast cancer patients with clinical stage T is/T 1-2N 0M 0 who underwent SLNB and were confirmed by using tumor mass excision biopsy from March 2012 to November 2018 in Shanxi Bethune Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. According to the postoperative paraffin pathology, the patients who were successfully detected sentinel lymph node (SLN) were divided into SLN-positive group with metastasis or SLN-negative group without metastasis. The clinicopathological data were used to analyze influencing factors of SLN metastasis and SLN detection number after excision biopsy of breast masses in the two groups. Results:A total of 87 out of 93 patients were successfully detected SLN and the detection rate was 93.5% (87/93). A total of 255 SLN were detected, and the average number was 2.93 in per patient. All were subjected to rapid intraoperative freezing pathological, and 11 cases with positive SLN were detected. There were 17 patients who underwent axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), including 11 cases with positive SLN and 6 cases with SLN undetected. The paraffin pathology showed that 14 patients were confirmed as positive SLN, including 13 macrometastasis and 1 micrometastasis. The SLN false negative rate was 2.1% (3/14) of intraoperative frozen diagnosis. Univariate analysis showed that histological grade and intravascular thrombus of carcinoma were associated with SLN metastasis after breast cancer local excision; the number of SLN detection was effected by body mass index and staining method; the methylene staining method combined with radionuclide method could improve the detection rate of SLN (all P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that the SLN non-detection of obesity patients was 2.651 times as much as that of normal patients (95% CI 1.592-8.194, P=0.010). Conclusion:The SLNB and appropriate tracer method will have a high SLN detection rate and better clinical application value for early breast cancer patients after breast mass resection.
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Objective@#To investigate the relationship between breast cancer and thyroid cancer.@*Methods@#A cohort of 747 female patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ invasive breast cancer were enrolled in this retrospective study. The differences of clinical and pathological data were compared between the simple breast cancer group (723 cases) and the breast cancer with thyroid cancer group (24 cases), to analyze the relevant factors of second primary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer.@*Results@#There were significant differences in the menstrual status and estrogen receptor (ER) status between the group of patients with breast cancer only and breast cancer patients with secondary primary thyroid cancer (P<0.05). Breast cancer patients with secondary primary thyroid cancer were more likely to be premenopausal (75%) and ER-positive (83.3%). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the patient′s menstrual status (compared with premenopausal patients, peri-menopausal odds ratio=0.53, 95% CI 0.07-4.25; post-menopausal odds ration=0.23, 95%CI 0.08-0.65) and body mass index (BMI, odds ratio=1.14, 95%CI 1.02-1.28) were independent risk factors for secondary primary thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer.@*Conclusion@#Thyroid cancer is associated with breast cancer, and is more likely to occur in obesity patients and premenopausal patients.
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PARP inhibitors are a kind of anticancer drugs approved for the clinical treatment of ovarian cancer and primary peritoneal cancer on the basis of the strategy of synthetic lethality. With the publication of two phase Ⅲ clinical trials results, the indications for PARP inhibitors have been expanded to advanced breast cancer with germline BRCA-1/2 mutations. However, the current exploration of PARP inhibitors in breast cancer is still at early stage. This article summarizes the anticancer mechanism of PARP inhibitors and new advances in treatment of breast cancer.
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Objective To evaluate whether intraoperative imprint cytology can be used as a diagnostic method of sentinel lymph node metastasis for breast cancer patients in China. Methods A total of 154 breast cancer patients diagnosed histologically as ductal carcinoma in situ or T1-3N0M0 invasive breast cancer who underwent intraoperative sentinel lymph node biopsy from July 2012 to August 2015 in Shanxi Dayi Hospital were enrolled. The sentinel lymph node was detected by using standard dual tracer method. Intraoperative diagnosis was performed with imprint cytology as well as frozen section, and the final diagnosis was assessed by using paraffin pathology after surgery. Results The area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) for the diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis by intraoperative frozen section and imprint cytology was 0.854 and 0.755, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy rate of imprint cytology were 52.1 ％ (25/48), 99.1 ％ (105/106), 96.2 ％ (25/26), 82.0 ％ (105/128), 84.4 ％ (130/154) respectively, and the corresponding diameters of frozen section were 70.8 ％ (34/48), 100.0 ％ (106/106), 100.0 ％ (34/34), 88.3 ％ (106/120), 90.9 ％ (140/154) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The frozen section result was highly consistent with paraffin pathology, with a Kappa value of 0.7698; while the Kappa value of imprint cytology was 0.5874, which was moderately consistent with paraffin pathology. ConclusionsThere is no significant difference between imprint cytology and frozen section in the intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node metastasis. The consistency between frozen section and paraffin pathology is high. After standardized operations and professional training, imprint cytology can be considered as a substitute of intraoperative sentinel lymph node diagnosis in breast cancer patients.
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Breast cancer is the most common female malignant tumor all over the world, and it seriously threats to women's health.As surgical treatment of breast cancer continuously develops to the mode of "the smallest and the most effective", sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) has emerged. SLNB can avoid axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) and reduce the complications of ALND. In recent years, some clinical research results have showed that the prognosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) positive breast cancer patients who do not accept ALND can not be affected. The necessity of performing ALND for SLN positive breast cancer patients still needs to be investigated.
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Lactic acid bacteria and cellulose degrading bacteria play an important role in fermentation process of silage, because they can prevent the rancidity and increase the nutritive value of silage. But the propagation of lactic acid bacteria will inhibit the activity of cellulose degrading bacteria in the silage fermentation system. This problem can be solved by releasing lactic acid bacteria and cellulose degrading bacteria in different time. Therefore, we immobilized lactic acid bacteria as a microbial agent for sustained release. Firstly, the optimal balling concentration of the composite immobilized carrier and composite immobilized carrier were obtained by immobilization of blank balls and corncob adsorbed Lactobacillus plantarum S1 respectively. The best immobilization condition of L. plantarum S1 was obtained by comparing the immobilized rate and balling effect of two kinds of balls, which were embedded by sodium alginate (SA), CMC-Na and embedded-crosslinked by SA, CMC-Na, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The results showed that the best balling concentration was achieved by using 6% PVA+0.4% SA+0.3% CMC-Na for embedding-crosslinking and 1.2% SA+0.5% CMC-Na for direct embedding respectively. In addition, comparing with the mechanical strength and embedding rate of five kinds of immobilization process, the best immobilized process was obtained by adding of the mixture of immobilized carriers (1.2%SA+ 0.5%CMC-Na) and corncob adsorbed L. plantarum S1 slowly into 4% CaCl₂ for 24 hours. The corncob adsorption and SA embedding methodology can effectively increase the embedding efficiency of Lactobacillus plantarum S1.
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Objective To assess follow-up work status for the patients with breast cancer and analyze the impact factor of the follow-up rate.Methods 331 female patients with complete clinical data in diagnosis and treatment with breast cancer from December 2006 to November 2008 in Shanxi Cancer Hospital were follow-up investigated by telephone.With Logistic regression method,the analysis was preformed on the impact related factors of follow-up effect.Results Telephone follow-up rate was 82.8 ％ (274/331).There was significant difference on the long-term residence between follow-up group and missing group (Fisher exact probability method,P =0.045),the results of regression analysis showed that follow-up results were influenced by the patient's occupation (β=-0.279,s-x =0.116,Wald =5.806,P =0.016,OR =0.757,95 ％ CI 0.603-0.949).Conclusion The telephone investigation for breast cancer patients is an important way for postoperative follow-up.The occupation of patient might influence the investigate results.
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Objective To evaluate this disease' s incident trend for Shanxi province through hospital-based statistics. Methods Breast cancer data was obtained from the department of radiology in Shanxi cancer hospital for the period 2005-2007. Results Between 2005 and 2007, the numbers of women who accepted mammography rapidly increased from 533 to 1975. 62 women had been diagnosed as breast cancer in 2005, while this number had reached to 400 in 2007. The proportion of breast malignancies during this three year periods had statistically increased with 11.6 %, 17.8 %, and 20.3 % respectively (P<0.001). The mean age of breast cancer patients was older than benign disease patients (50 vs 42.8, P<0.001). The highest breast cancer age group was those aged 45 to 54 (37.6 %). Left breast cancer was higher than right side (53.4 % vs 46 %). Most histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma (78.95 %). The proportion of invasive lobular carcinoma and duetal carcinoma in situ were 8.7 % and 5.4 % respectively. Conclusion Breast cancer incidence rate has been increased in our city. These results are consistent with previous similar studies. Thus, it is essential to establish population cancer incidence registration and develop clinical data system. This will result in better understanding of cancer incidence trends and benefit in the evaluation of the effective cancer control measures.